1.
Passive Voice
Exercise 35
1)
The president is called by somebody
every day.
2)
The other members are being called by
John.
3)
Mr. Watson will be called by somebody
tonight.
4)
Considerable damage has been caused by
the fire.
5)
The supplies should be bought by the
teacher for this class.
2.
Causative Verb
Execise 36 Page 135
1.
The techer made Juan leave (leave) the room.
2.
Toshiko had her car repaired (repair) by a mechanic.
3.
Ellen got marvin to type (type) her paper.
4.
I made Jane call (call) her friend on the telephone.
5.
We got our house to paint (paint) last week.
6.
Dr. Bryd is having the students written (write) a composition.
7.
The policemen made the suspect lain (lie) on the ground.
8.
Mark got his transcripts to send (send) to university.
9.
Maria is getting her hair to cut (cut) tomorrow.
10. We
will have to get the Dean signed
(sign) this form.
11. The
teacher let Al leave (leave) the
classroom.
12. Maria
got Ed to wash (wash) the
pipettes.
13. She
always has her car fixed (fix)
by the same mechanic.
14. Gene
got his book to publish (publish)
by a subsidy publisher.
15. We
have to help Janet found (find)
her keys.
Article
PASSIVE VOICE
Pengertian Passive Voice
Passive voice adalah suatu grammatical construction(bentuk
gramatikal) dimana subject kalimat tidak
melakukan aksi, melainkan menerima aksi atau ditindaklanjuti (receiver of
action) oleh agent lain (doer of action)
baik disebutkan ataupun tidak.
Sebaliknya, pada konstruksi active, subjectberhubungan
langsung dengan verb dengan bertindak sebagai
pelaku aksi.
Kalimat aktif dapat ditransformasi menjadi pasif,
namun hanya transitive
verb (diikuti direct
object) yang dapat
diberlakukan demikian.
Rumus Passive Voice
Rumus passive voice adalah
sebagai berikut di bawah ini.
Catatan:
·
Auxiliary verb dapat berupa primary
auxiliary verb be (is, are, am, was, were, be, been, being),
kombinasi antara dua primary (is/are
being, was/were being, has/have been) atau antaraprimary dan modal auxiliary verb (will be, will have been).
·
Past participle yang digunakan berupa kata kerja transitive.
Contoh:
She can’t drive a car. (active voice, transitive), He always come on time. (active voice, intransitive)
Contoh:
play (base
form) —> played (past participle), sing (base form) —> sung (past
participle)
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice pada
Auxiliary Verb be:
|
Komponen
|
Contoh Kalimat Passive Voice
|
||
|
Subject
|
Be
|
PP
|
|
|
I
|
Am
|
Pai
|
I am paid in dollars.
(Saya dibayar dalam dollar.)
|
|
the red velvet recipe
|
Is
|
Used
|
The red velvet recipe is used by many people.
(Resep red velvet tsb digunakan oleh banyak orang.)
|
|
all of my shoes
|
Are
|
washed
|
All of my shoes are washed every month.
(Semua sepatu saya dicuci setiap bulan.)
|
|
large amounts of meat and milk
|
Are
|
consumed
|
Large amounts of meat and milk are consumed by many people in the
countries.
(Sejumlah besar daging dan susu dikonsumsi oleh banyak orang di
negara-negara tsb.)
|
|
the book
|
Was
|
edited
|
The book was edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
|
|
the books
|
Were
|
edited
|
The books were edited by Beatrice Sparks.
(Buku-buku tsb disunting oleh Beatrice Sparks.)
|
Pengecualian pada Transitive Verbs
Tidak semua transitive verb,
kata kerja yang memiliki direct object, dapat
dipasifkan. Beberapa kata kerja tersebut yang antara lain: have, become, lack, look like, mean, dll akan terdengar tidak wajar maknanya ketika
dipasifkan. Beberapa contoh kalimat dari kata kerja tersebut adalah sebagai
berikut.
Contoh:
·
I have a great new idea. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan
dengan: A great new idea is had by me.
·
The snack contains aspartame. —> tidak dapat dipasifkan dengan: Aspartame is contained by the snack.
CAUSATIVE VERBS
Pengertian Causative Verb
Causative verb adalah kata kerja yang digunakan untuk
menunjukkan bahwa subject tidak bertanggungjawab langsung terhadap
aksi yang terjadi melainkan seseorang atau sesuatu yang lain yang melakukan aksi
tersebut.
Fungsi & Rumus Causative Verbs
·
Kalimat causative verb terbagi menjadi 2 macam, yaitu active (aktif) dan passive (pasif). Pada
kalimat active causative verb, agent yang
mengerjakan aksi diketahui. Sebaliknya, pada kalimatpassive causative verb, agent biasanya
tidak disebutkan.
·
Let, make, have, & get merupakan causative verb yang
umum digunakan, ada yang menggunakan action verb berupa bare infinitive (infinitive without to) dan ada
pula yang to infinitive.
Adapun
fungsi dan rumus secara umum sebagai berikut.
|
Verb
|
Fungsi
|
Rumus Active & Passive Causative
|
|
Let
|
membiarkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu.
|
Active:
S + let + agent + action verb (bare infinitive) + … |
|
Make
|
memaksa atau sangat menyakinkan seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu
|
Active:
S + (make-made) + agent + action verb (bareinfinitive) + … |
|
Have
|
menginginkan seseorang mengerjakan sesuatu untuk subjek
|
Active:
S + (have-had) + agent + action verb (bareinfinitive) + object |
|
Passive:
S + (have-had) + object + action verb (V-3) |
||
|
Get
|
mirip dengan have namun
dengan struktur kalimat yang berbeda
|
Active:
S + (get-got) + agent + action verb (to infinitive) + … |
|
Passive:
S + (got) + object + action verb (V-3) |
Contoh Causative Verbs: Active dan Passive
Beberapa contoh causative verb pada
struktur active maupun passive adalah
sebagai berikut.
|
Rumus
|
Verbs
|
Contoh Causative Verbs
|
|
Active Causative Verbs
|
have-had
|
Lala had her friend take her result test.
|
|
The student had the teacher speak slowly.
|
||
|
get-got
|
She got her parents to buy her a tennis racket.
|
|
|
The boy got his cat to chase a mouse.
|
||
|
make-made
|
The woman made her daughter eat up the tomatoes.
|
|
|
The manager makes her staff work hard.
|
||
|
Let
|
My father lets me choose my own future carrier.
|
|
|
The shepherd lets his
sheep graze in the meadow.
|
||
|
Passive Causative Verbs
|
have-had
|
I had my house renovated last
week.
|
|
He had his book returned as
soon as possible.
|
||
|
get-got
|
Teddy got the money saved in the bank.
|
|
|
Yulia got her bedroom cleaned.
|
Tidak ada komentar:
Posting Komentar